MRP Software Systems
Materials Requirement Planning or MRP is viewed as the Grand-daddy of manufacturing computer software systems. Devised in the US in the 1960s, MRP software systems allowed users to "batch" sales orders, and, through the concept of bills of materials, which identified the individual parts required to build quite often complex products, to generate purchase orders for suppliers.
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It made the job of ensuring that materials could be made available to fulfil sales orders a whole lot easier, thus ensuring that the factory was kept constantly running.
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Then came Manufacturing Resource Planning or MRPII software, which in the 1970s moved the whole game on somewhat. Because the production planning aspects of MRP are related to most other functions of a company, its scope was expanded to integrate with the order processing, billing, shop floor scheduling, and personnel and machine utilisation activities of the company. These newer MRP II software systems contain the classic MRP software scheduling function as their centrepiece, but they may also include a module that collects sales and customer order data and generates an MPS (Master Production Schedule) for future end product requirements.
In addition, an MRPII software system may further convert information from the material requirements plans into specific work schedules for departments and machines, evaluate department workloads and capacity conditions, generate shipping documents and customer invoices, and produce management reports on production and financial performance.
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Typically, these systems have a feedback mechanism (and are therefore called closed-loop MRP software) so that if department, machine, or personnel capacity limits are exceeded, the material requirements plans and corresponding production schedules are revised to stay within capacity limits.